簡(jian)要(yao)描(miao)述：pH電極測(ce)量的(de)核心(xin)理論是(shi)能(neng)斯特方程(cheng)。電位分析法所(suo)用的(de)傳感器被稱為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)。原(yuan)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)個系統,它的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)使化(hua)學反應能(neng)量轉成為(wei)(wei)電能(neng)。此電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電壓被稱為(wei)(wei)電動勢(EMF)。此電動勢(EMF)由二個半(ban)(ban)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)構成。其中一(yi)個半(ban)(ban)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)稱作(zuo)測(ce)量傳感器,它的(de)電位與特定(ding)的(de)離子(zi)活度有(you)關;另一(yi)個半(ban)(ban)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)(wei)參比半(ban)(ban)電池(chi)(chi)(chi),通(tong)常稱作(zuo)參比傳感器,它一(yi)般是(shi)與測(ce)量溶(rong)液相(xiang)(xiang)通(tong),并且與測(ce)量儀表相(xiang)(xiang)連。